钢结构造价多少一平方:谁能帮我翻译一下这文章（翻译成英语），我没安装翻译工具啊，谢谢了。（作业的资料）

累死俺了
The statisticses the bureau to measure to count lately according to the nation according to the enunciation, to January 6 in 2005, the total population of Chinese hinterland( not include Special Administrative Region and Taiwans in Hong Kong, Macaus) will amount to 1,300,000,000. China 1,300,000,000 population the day postpones the arrival, expressing that the Chinese population and the planned parenthood businesses obtained the huge achievement.

★ The value of 峰 of the Chinese would attain 1,600,000,000?The population of the Chinese college of social science and labor researcher ZHANG YI4 in the economic graduate school at 《 newspaper- theories weekly magazine of Peking 》 up write the analysis to point out, this kind of standpoint does not understand the new state of the nation of Chinese population and lack actual according to of guess, easy at resulted in at home and abroad some otiose" dismay", the energy need and food consumptions of unilateral and grandiloquent China.In fact, work hard unremittingly in the Chinese government under, from 20 expect to start after centuries, the growth of oscular Chinese expressed many new characteristic, it is impossible for Chinese total population to will increase in the future 1,600,000,000.

1,300,000,000 population day after the Chinese population appear five big new characteristic

The first, it is impossible for the Chinese total population of future to increase 1,600,000,000, but should be about 1,450,000,000.This is 1,300,000,000 population the day is after biggest characteristic of oscular Chinese.The oscular birthrate of Chinese is 12.29 ‰s in 2004, but was subjected to the influence that advanced age turn, the death rate had the increment(6.42 ‰s) slightly, the last year was clean to increase the population 7,610,000.If the city turns the degree to continue to speed, if the city will absorb the quantity of the 纳 farmer work to continue to increase in the future, if the current planned parenthood policy of China continues to carry out, so, in the process of birthrate further lower, Chinese every year is clean to increase the population to still continue to reduce.Be subjected to this influence, China don't a 峰 of comer value will compare to appear early, about would after this 20's in century in the regular meeting earnings population 峰 value- but the value of a total amount of this person may be medium usually say of 1,600,000,000, but should at 1,430,000,000-1,450,000,000 it.

The second, the Chinese population has already completed the transformation.Now the Chinese population has already increased the mode for the " three low" population of the low and natural growth rate, low birthrate, low death rate from the population growth mode change of the high birthrate, high and natural growth rate, low death rate.This mode has already maintain for more than ten years to now, basic and steady settle down.This is the Chinese government and people through several decades unremittingly but the arduous effort just carries out of.Exactly these effort, just eased China and the population pressure of the worlds availably, make" world 6,000,000,000 population day" postponed for 4 years at least.

The third," the population bonus" will had been maintain till 2020.Now the situation of the Chinese population pyramid bottom constringency is obvious,15~64 years old labor force population has the specific weight of the total population to rise to 70% or so.At future 15 yearses in the middle, the specific weight that the labor force population have is or so all in 70%.This is Chinese to take the gold period of" the population bonus" exactly.Expect at that time here, as long as Chinese resolve appropriately to take up employment the problem and raise the population character gradually, the increment manpower capital of the population, and the perfect society guarantee system, so, the advanced age of oscular Chinese turns to deepen the period after 2020, there will be to reply the left over strength morely.

The fourth, the average age of the labor force population will increase gradually.Now, come up to say from the total amount, China is coming out the most rigorous employment predicament, will add to add the labor force to be placed in the situation that keep on sex's descend annually in the future, after hading been descend till 2015, appear the negative growth of the labor force population.Be subjected to the higher education to expand the influence of recruit the number annually, add to add the quantity that the youth strengthens the work and will keep on the decrease annually, but university student the employment pressure and competitions would be more and more vigorous.In future few years, graduate big annually in particularly the student association increases quickly 4,000,000-5,000,000 or so.The low level employment population of missing( such as babysitter and people's work of missing) and the high level population of unemployed will keep both in labor market.

The fifth, the female newly married age will further postpone, this will keep on to lower the population birthrate.Now, the average age of national and female newly married has already risen 24.45 years old or so.Accompany with the market economy further turn and ignore deeply is a male or a female, will think greatly of the professional education more.Teach to teach time more long, take up employment the age more old, get married the age more late, the population birthrate is more low.
★ L, see the population change process of the traditional meaning from the angle of the population reproduction

Know to all, we are generally the population change speak what to point is the change of the population reproduction type first;This is pay attention to by the population change theories of the classic and elaborate of.Therefore, to investigate and study the population change of China, might as well understand the our country population change process of the traditional meaning first.From the figure 1 it is thus clear that, combined the circumstance from the thick birthrate, thick death rate and the natural growth rate of the population to see, if the population change of the general meaning begins from the thick death rate to descend, so Chinese found a nation to have already had such clues in the early years.From the from 1949 to 1957, the thick death rate is descendent obviously, from 20 ‰s.Declined 10.8 ‰s.Went to 1962 in 1958, the thick death rate contain a not normally violent motion, the thick death rate of 196 o year has ever attained 25.43 ‰s.Of high level, but dropped right away in 196114.24 ‰s go into(1961) and 10.02 ‰s(1962) of normal level ascend ① , so we can see it to make is an accident of the particular history period, this kind of variety of the short period can't change the inside regulation and big trends of the death rate fluctuation also.

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Put together to see from the general norm and a concrete road knot for walk throughs that the population changes the theories, can think, in past 5 O year, the population change of China can divide two big stages of mostly:The first stage is the population change stage that the death rate changes the predominant type.(1949 － 1970)The characteristics of this stage is a death rate to lead off to descend, but birthrate in essence is to reside high not next of, the birthrate level of 1970 returns and founds a nation in the early years about, at 33 ‰s go to 35.The population of China change is as early as to found a nation it the beginning has already start, this first stage is the change stage of the death rate.But real should be the time that the birthrate also starts to be descendent to the population change that the populations growth creation suppress- this is the end of 60's, accurate say is at 1970 year ago juniorses went into the population change of the second stage.

The second stage is the population change stage that the birthrate predominates the type.(197 years are up to now)The characteristic of this stage is a death rate to has already declined the lower level to ascend and keep the opposite and stable situation, because of the different variety situation of thick birthrate, so is shown as diagram, can divide a some development stage again:One is the stage(1971 － 1980) that the nasty play of the thick birthrate straight line type descend, at the whole 70's, the birthrate descends to 20 ‰ the followings quickly from 30 ‰s, descending 10 thousand order separately, the range is very big.

Two is a slow-moving and descendent stage in the thick birthrate motion.(1981 － 1990)This stage shows the characteristics of 著 is many year by year the birthrate of at slightly high in 2 Os%.Of level ascend motion, but the thick death rate then stabilizes at 6.6 ‰ top and bottom of level up.

Three is a birthrate to continue on a low level slow-moving and descendent stage.(1991 －s 1999)At 20 ‰ the following, the birthrate started ten classes but under of descend the trend.

Thus, the whole second stage descends quickly through 70's.The motion and slowness of 9 O ages of the 80's descend, the birthrate that Chinese are oscular and indentation between death rates accept the 拢 gradually in the beginning, the population change inclines to complete gradually.

The population change of China contain a very interesting phenomenon, is about to separate the decade each time is a turn.The big turn order is in the 60's end.The population change changed direction" close" from the " openings";The small turn orders to then have 1961( death rate),1971.1981 and this a few important ages of 1991." One change of decade" is near 50 Chinese population change of in the last yearses of a shows the characteristics of 著 .

If carry on the smooth processing( such as figure 2 show), we will discover:The population change is through two big stages.One is to expand the oscular stage, death rate compare the birthrate initiative to take the system change as first lead of modernization make reflection, this is also a phenomenon that matches the regulation.At this time, the population growth rate inclines to the extension, the population inflation.Two is gradually the stage of the close, the death rate has already decline a lower.More stable stage, the reflection that birthrate makes to compare the mightiness, birthrate and death rate of bad more and more small, the population growth the deceleration heads for also zero growth.But obviously, from the figure 2 it is thus clear that," of the growth" have not yet accepted the 拢 , still needing to be borrow with the date.This is the foreground that we can foresee in the future.

The population variety trend of the natural growth rate, also have four stages mostly:

( L)From in 1949 to 1970, experienced a process that climbed the 坡 , the natural growth rate rose to 25 ‰s from 15 ‰s above, is the growth stage of the population change.1958 increases the right and wrong of the low valley to 1963 normal of, and can't explain the substance of problem;On the contrary, from at that time social economic condition and the population condition to say, the high speed growth is just the characteristic that reflected the substance.(2)From in 1970 to 1980, the population growth start the nasty play descend.(3)From in 1980 to 1990, the population growth appeared the more obvious motion and rally phenomenon.(4)Enter the age of 叨 , the population growth is steady to descend and reduce slowly.But henceforth whether always steady descend is what we can't affirm easily currently.

In fine, trend change from the birthrate, death rate and nature growth rate to see, the our country population the change experienced four stages mostly, and fit together with the time of every decade mutually very skillfully.

See from estimate, the population change trend of China from now on is continue in the powder birthrate the slowness descend, the thick death rate has the rally slightly of comprehensive function under, the natural growth rate inclines to gradually" zero.Negative" of such a foreground.This can see from the figure 4 very clearly.Is shown as diagram below, the Chinese population change wants to incline to complete is probably after 21 Jis of 30's.As a result see from the estimate, the natural growth rate is monotonous to gradually decrease of turn into the process.2030 year agos is the turn of a history to order probably behind.The Chinese population of this front is a population that increases the type, but henceforth of Chinese population then turn into in to cut the type.This change the idea 昧 is deep long, carried out the appropriate population target to move forward for China a big step.LIN2 FU4 DE2 of the basis.The estimate of the pond of Liu gold, the population growth is inertial and will die down gradually, the specific weight that teaches the women of 龄 to have the total population will keep on to descend, declining to 26.7% in 2000,2020 are 24.5%s, declining to 21.9% in 2040.Thus, probably will attain the 峰 to be worth to the population growth of year of 2 O331,519,000,000.

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According to such foreground, current mission in China is to want to work hard to carry out a thoroughly of and stable population change, but the key in which lie in the birthrate keep on of and descend stablely.Black line to the right the arrival that the direction symbolize" a change of posterity"- if considered the population reproduction type and populations to increase this dual change of type.We carry out most now also just the change of the population reproduction type, and is unsteady kind of change.The black line also symbolizes to found a nation to the right the direction the fifth stage of the our country population change, namely zero, negative growth stage.Currently the population change that we experience will is to last the most long, is modern population change from enter the threshold(" realization" namely) to arrive to come out the threshold(" complete" namely) of the whole magnificent process.

2, grow the process that the fluctuation of the rate sees the population change from the total

It is the motive force of the population growth to grow.The fluctuation of the our country birthrate to a large extent is because grow the fluctuation of the rate.The topic of the population day of the world in 1999 is:" The mankind decide the mankind to the choice that grow to the future choice".Found a nation so the grow of our country rate level again is how fluctuation of?Growing the process that the angle of the rate sees the population change from the total is an important and special angle doubtless.At least, say from the angle that the planned parenthood work, an index sign that fluctuation that grow the rate is the most worthy of to pay attention to.

Is shown as diagram below, China grow the rate passed by a with the whole personal reproduction type of the process of the change likeness.Data indicate that of information, our conclusion is:

( L)1949 go to in 1969 for grow the first stage of the rate change.Might as well call it as" changed the stage before".See from the situation of the whole country, in addition to the great leap forward is in accordance with three years, the disaster the period not normally grow the decrease and grow the rally outside, other ages grow the rate reside highly not the bottom, this and the fluctuation of the birthrate almost completely.Grow the rate maintenance on average level of 6 childs.

(2)In 1969 to in 1977 in order to grow the 2 stage of the rate change, in order to grow the fast and descendent stage of rate, can call for" fast change of beginning starts the stage".Grow the rate from near to 6 rapid decline to 3 followings.Similar to birthrate, almost descend the half.

(3)In 1977 to in 1991 in order to grow the third stage of the rate change, can call it as" motion in the middle stage of the change".

Grow the level in 2 －s 3 it motion.Because social economic cultures all relatively fell behind at that time, the means of the planned parenthood is also very limited, so grow the rate descended the exterior at the time of nearing to the extreme limit of control dint and the anti- control dint of the inner part constituted the last long conflict, become the situation of" a seesaw battle".At this stage, we have another the effort of the year to have already make" grow the rate" near to substitute the level.But because of surmounting to grow the cultural boundary of the rate change particularly, so appear the motion also unavoidable.

(4)In 1991 to in 1999 in order to grow the fourth stage of the rate change, because of this period grew the rate fluctuation to appear opposite descended the trend to combine the stability stablely at substitute the level the following, so might as well call it as" keep on of low grow the rate stage".Compare with ex- stage, its characteristics on is a curve descend postpone smoother, two is steadily low in substitute the level.The result of this stage can say is since long for day and night.Again come it not easy.The current total grows the rate to come to a mostly and many in the last yearses maintained one 1.8 or so and low levels of.

But future trend exactly how, seem to still didn't authoritative parlance.In fact,1995 later of data is also an estimate of that has many houses, have no a parlance for make sure.However, the estimated difference is very small, motion on the mostly about 1.8 level.

See from the variety of the aftertime, some" motion"s is also an affair in the reason perhaps.But as long as can hold out for long time the ground to keep at substitute the level the following, will not affect we carry out 2010 to control population at 1,400,000,000 in, carry out the population at the first half leaf of knife century zero targets of the growths.

That stage in end, also be to at that moment of China to say, stabilize to live a low in substitute the level of grow the rate for the end of and complete the meaning of population change is very important.Because, the inertial growth is period in the population, control and changes that grow the rate decide the fluctuation of the birthrate, end affect the population variety of the natural growth rate.

Currently, we come from the challenge of the population quantity current save the problem of measure the aspect, also increase the problem of measure the aspect.Solve or say that lower to increase the quantity, is an inflation that toes stop and decelerates the population to save the quantity.But resolved the population to increase to measure the problem, have no real resolve the population to save to measure the problem.But" stabilize low grow the level" is internal use in the short date from of is a request that increased to measure the control, then be obey in the request of save the quantity decrease in view of long-term.Thus, from combine the appropriate population target but the population control target of designs, come to a decision" stabilize low grow the level" is strategic choice of unique exactitude.China walked through a road of difficult turns and twists, but after paying price, we really made for the pressure of the opposite decrease population epoch-making contribution.

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3, see the population change process from the comprehensive angle of" one development of one policy of system"

We can also change an angle to see the population change, like promo