金敬姬和张:请求翻译

Many acute wards have one or more rooms physically
separated from the rest of the ward. These seclusion
areas are sparsely furnished. Windows lack curtains,
walls are naked without paintings or decoration, and
living rooms lack sources of stimuli like TV, radio,
newspapers and flowers. Though the interiors differ
between hospitals, these main tendencies are similar.
In a review of the design of psychiatric wards, Drader
(8) concluded that ‘‘very few facilities have undergone
post-occupancy evaluations and as a result there has
been little structured feed-back regarding the suitability
of certain design features’’. The few studies published
indicate that the physical environment in which treatment
occurs has impacts on treatment processes and
outcomes (9, 10), and that there are interrelationships
between physical environment and behaviour. Holahan
& Saegert (11) found that acute admitted patients were
more socialising and significantly less isolated and
passive in a remodelled ward compared to an ordinary
ward. Christenfeld et al. (12) reported a significant
reduction in the rate of patient violence after transition
to a remodelled ward compared with matched control
wards. Whitehead et al. (13) found reduced psychopathology
and minor change in length of patient stay,
and a clinically desirable atmosphere subsequent to the
redesign of a unit. Corey et al. (9) showed that simple
redecoration of a ward, such as changing furniture style,
floor covering and colour scheme, could have a positive
impact on perceptions of the psychosocial milieu. These
studies indicate that altered physical design variables
may be associated with favourable perceptions of ward
atmosphere, and have therapeutic value.
The interior design and furnishings of seclusion areas
are even more sparsely studied, but it is of interest that it
was described by Soranus in the 2nd century AD, who
suggested: ‘‘Have the patient lie in a moderately light
and warm room. The room should be perfectly quiet,
unadorned by paintings . . .’’ (4). In 1856, John Conolly
described a room designed for violent or extremely
excited patients (14). Gutheil & Daly (15) have indicated
clinically based principles of seclusion room design
focusing on ‘‘identifying the maximum stresses it will
endure and building it to endure them over long periods
of time’’. To our knowledge, no controlled studies or
post-occupancy evaluations have been carried out.
The aims of the present study were to see if there was
any difference in symptoms, behaviours, treatment and
patient satisfaction in patients treated in two seclusion
areas with different interior in an acute psychiatric ward.