青岛徐州路二手房:请好心人给我翻译一下下面的学术论文

Through to {center western dinner table etiquette culture} the research not only has enriched the knowledge, enhances the dinner table etiquette culture the tutelage, moreover exercised the independent data collection, the analysis question, has solved the question ability, enhanced the application English to carry on the human relations the ability. In the modern social life, along with the economical and the cultural development, is fastidious the civilization manner, the attenion etiquette courtesy, more and more becomes people's one kind of mutual recognition. Speaks politeness, understands the etiquette Is a national and a national civilized degree symbol, the improvement interpersonal relationship, the promotion society progress and the economical development has the noticeable function. Because China has already joined WTO, then we and the overseas friend will have more contacts. If does business eats meal and so on. Therefore I decided in the research in the western culture "China and the West Dinner table Etiquette Contrast", enable oneself to have the in-depth to on the center west dinner table etiquette the understanding. These concrete knowledge all are may utilize Keyword which later in the actual commercial activity will go: 1 takes a seat 2 to go to eat 3 dinner tables diets to be supposed to perform to pay attention Takes a seat the China and the West dinner table etiquette basic difference to have the slight difference. China generally is, by 左为上, regards as the seat of honor, the relative seat of honor is two, under the seat of honor has three, under two is four. The seating order was "east Shang Zuozun", "the surface for reveres towards the front door". The family reunion banquet seat of honor is the rank highest elder, 末席 is low. Patrols when the liquor from chief respects according to a smooth group. If round table, then to the front door is the hosts and visitors, nearby the left hand is in turn 2, 4, 6... ... Nearby the right hand is in turn 3, 5, 7... ... Until converges. If is the table for eight, if has to the front door seat, then to a front door side 右位 is the hosts and visitors. If not to front door, then east a surface side right mat is chief. Then nearby the chief left hand 坐开 goes is 2, 4, 6, 8, nearby the right hand is 3, 5, 7. Of if is the big feast, arrangement between the table and the table is fastidious chief precedes comes between, left side 2, 4, 6, right side are in turn 3, 5, 7, according to hosts and visitors status, status, friend or stranger minute seat. The Chinese custom is the people takes a seat when certainly does not have the west that to be fastidious, mostly is takes a seat according to own wish. Western taking a seat is faces the gate to leave the gate farthest that seat is a hostess, with it relative is the male master's seat. Nearby the hostess right hand seat is the first head table, generally is gentleman; Right side the male master's seat is the second head table, generally is 主宾 madame. Left side of hostess's seat is the third head table, the male master's left side seat is the fourth head table. Takes a seat by chair left side Most appropriate takes a seat the way is takes a seat from left side. After the chair is pulled open, the body in nearly must bump into the table the distance departure to be straight, leads to be able to advance the chair behind, when the leg curved bumps into the chair, may sit down. Front also has takes a seat, cannot rashly enter the position. The elbow do not have to put on the tabletop, may not 跷足. May not when dining the midway walks out. If has the matter firmly to have to leave should low voice say the hello to the about visitor. Generally speaking is on the western dinner table is static, on the Chinese dinner table moves. Western person ordinary day active, waves the hand physique language and so on peak shoulder is specially rich. Has China and the west dines between the politeness different minimum difference. Normally in China, left side is the above place, moreover is treated as the first place, compares with the first place is the second place, has after the first place three places and four after the second place. The place order form is left side the "respect and eastern part", the "place facing the gate is above place". Goes to eat on the detail China dinner table the commonly used tableware is the cup, the tray, the bowl, the dish, the chopsticks, the porcelain spoon and so on several kinds. What the west is commonly used is the knife, the fork, the spoon, the plate, the cup and so on, the knife divides into the edible knife, the fish knife, the meat knife, the cream knife, the water fruit knife; Forks divides into the edible fork, the harpoon, the lobster fork. The public knife and fork specification generally is bigger than uses the knife and fork. The spoon divides the soupspoon, the teaspoon, the cup type are more, the teacup, the coffee cup are a chinaware, and matches the small small dish; The drinking glass, the wine class are many is the glass product. First uses the chopsticks how in China, the finger middle finger and the ring finger separately put on two chopsticks underneath, the thumb according to in the chopsticks place above, the index finger tightly pastes the thumb, the little finger is bending to in. The chopsticks 开合 scope may use the middle finger the activity to adjust. In the west as a result of the cultural difference, they uses the knife and fork, how uses the knife and fork? The basic principle is right grasps the knife or the soupspoon, the left hand takes the fork. If has two above, should use in turn by most outside to in. End the knife and fork 拿法 is lightly grasps, index finger according to on handle. The soupspoon uses to grasp the pen the way to take then. If felt not conveniently, may trade the right hand to take the fork, but replaces frequently appears boorishly.