活塞防守乔丹:语法求救

语法——现在完成时

1.构成： have/has+ v.过去分词（done）
否定：have/has not+ v.过去分词+…
疑问：Have/Has+ 主语+ v.过去分词+…

2. 用法：⑴表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响和结果，常与already, just, yet, ever, never, before(句末)等连用.
注意：当在肯定陈述句中含有already或just 时，在转换成否定句或疑问句
时，要把句中的already 或just 去掉，在句末加上yet.
I have seen the film. I haven’t seen the film yet.
⑵表示过去已经开始，延续到现在的动作和状态，往往和表示一段时间的时
间状语连用。常与for…, since…, ever since, so far等连用。
They have known each other since they came to this school.
He has taught English for two years.
注意:①有些动词是非延续性的，在此用法中要换成其相对应的延续性词。
die —be dead begin/start—be on finish/end—be over
leave—be away (from) come/go/arrive—be in/at
open—be open close—be closed join— be a member of
borrow—keep buy—have
⑶ have/has gone to 、have/has been to 和have/has been in的区别。
have/ has gone to 去了，在去某地的路上或在某地，人还未回来
have/ has been to 曾经去过，人已经回来了
have/ has been in 已经在，常与一段时间连用
She has been to Shanghai before. 她以前曾去过上海。
She has been in Shanghai for ten years. 他在上海10年了。
Has he gone to Qingdao? 他去青岛了吗？但不能说 Has you gone to Qingdao?
⑷ for 和since的用法及区别。
for 与一段时间连用如：for five years指从现在算起过去的五天包括现在在内的一段时间。
since 与时间点连用，为过去时间状语或过去时态的句子。如since 1989 指从年那一时刻起直到现在。
I have been to Shanghai twice since 1970. 自1970年以来我去过上海两次。
I haven’t seen her since she left Shanghai. 自她离开上海，我一直没见着她。
I saw Ping Ping six years ago. Since I have never seen her.
六年前我见过平平，从此再没见过她。

3．现在完成时和一般过去时的区别。
⑴现在完成时，强调这一动作产生的结果对现在的影响，与现在有关。
一般过去时，仅仅表示在过去某一时刻曾发生过这一动作，与现在无关。
例：He has studied English for five years.他已学英语五年了。（说明他还继续学下去）
He studied English for five years. 他曾学过五年英语。（只说明他过去学过五年英语，但现在不学了。）
He has opened the door.他已开了门。（门已打开）
He opened the door. 他开了门。（门打开过，现在是否开着，不知道。）
⑵一般过去时与现在完成时有一些明显的时间状语。
遇到yesterday, Last year, in May, in+过去某一年，two days ago, the other day, just now等就用一般过去时，当有 so far, in the past/ last few days(在过去/最近的几年里)，since接过去时间状语或过去时的句子等常用现在完成时，when 一定不能用于现在完成时。
练习：
1. – Where is Mr Liu? - He the library.
A. has been to B. has gone to C. has been in
2. The students have cleaned the classroom, ?
A. so they B. don’t they C. have they D. haven’t they
3. I like Hainan. I there three times.
A. went B. go C. have been D. have gone
4.We came to Nanjing three years ago, so we here for three years.
A. have been to B. have been in C. have been D. have gone
5.- How long you your dictionary? - About two months.
A. did; buy B. have; get C. have; had D. have; bought
6. He tells me he China for over five years.
A. has been B. has been in C. has been to D. has gone to
7. has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to China?
A. How soon, comes B. How often, got C. How long, came D. How far, arrived
8. His uncle for more than 9 years.
A. has come here B. has started to work C. has lived there D. has left the university
9. He has never surfed, （改成反意疑问句）?
10. They have been here since 2000. (对划线部分提问)
have they been here?
11. The old man last year. He for a year.(die)
12. This factory opened twenty years ago.(改写句子，句意不变)
This factory for twenty years.
13. Miss Gao left an hour ago. （同上）Miss Gao an hour ago.
14.The Green Family moved to France two years ago. （同上）
two years the Green family moved to France.
15. The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. （同上）
The bus ten minutes.

我已经搬到了大桥街的一所房子。
现在完成时，说明发生的动作对你现在的状态已经产生了影响。

是现在完成时.
1.构成： have/has+ v.过去分词（done）
否定：have/has not+ v.过去分词+…
疑问：Have/Has+ 主语+ v.过去分词+…

2. 用法：⑴表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响和结果，常与already, just, yet, ever, never, before(句末)等连用.
注意：当在肯定陈述句中含有already或just 时，在转换成否定句或疑问句
时，要把句中的already 或just 去掉，在句末加上yet.
I have seen the film. I haven’t seen the film yet.
⑵表示过去已经开始，延续到现在的动作和状态，往往和表示一段时间的时
间状语连用。常与for…, since…, ever since, so far等连用。
They have known each other since they came to this school.
He has taught English for two years.
注意:①有些动词是非延续性的，在此用法中要换成其相对应的延续性词。
die —be dead begin/start—be on finish/end—be over
leave—be away (from) come/go/arrive—be in/at
open—be open close—be closed join— be a member of
borrow—keep buy—have
⑶ have/has gone to 、have/has been to 和have/has been in的区别。
have/ has gone to 去了，在去某地的路上或在某地，人还未回来
have/ has been to 曾经去过，人已经回来了
have/ has been in 已经在，常与一段时间连用
She has been to Shanghai before. 她以前曾去过上海。
She has been in Shanghai for ten years. 他在上海10年了。
Has he gone to Qingdao? 他去青岛了吗？但不能说 Has you gone to Qingdao?
⑷ for 和since的用法及区别。
for 与一段时间连用如：for five years指从现在算起过去的五天包括现在在内的一段时间。
since 与时间点连用，为过去时间状语或过去时态的句子。如since 1989 指从年那一时刻起直到现在。
I have been to Shanghai twice since 1970. 自1970年以来我去过上海两次。
I haven’t seen her since she left Shanghai. 自她离开上海，我一直没见着她。
I saw Ping Ping six years ago. Since I have never seen her.
六年前我见过平平，从此再没见过她。

3．现在完成时和一般过去时的区别。
⑴现在完成时，强调这一动作产生的结果对现在的影响，与现在有关。
一般过去时，仅仅表示在过去某一时刻曾发生过这一动作，与现在无关。
例：He has studied English for five years.他已学英语五年了。（说明他还继续学下去）
He studied English for five years. 他曾学过五年英语。（只说明他过去学过五年英语，但现在不学了。）
He has opened the door.他已开了门。（门已打开）
He opened the door. 他开了门。（门打开过，现在是否开着，不知道。）
⑵一般过去时与现在完成时有一些明显的时间状语。
遇到yesterday, Last year, in May, in+过去某一年，two days ago, the other day, just now等就用一般过去时，当有 so far, in the past/ last few days(在过去/最近的几年里)，since接过去时间状语或过去时的句子等常用现在完成时，when 一定不能用于现在完成时。

同上

同上