170 76a sr是什么意思:我们英语老师让我们写写最喜欢的和最不喜欢的语法现象以及原因，请大家帮帮我。最好用英语写，中文也可以

最不喜欢的：不能用关系代词 Which 的几种情况

1.当先行词为all, little, much, few, everything, none 等不定代词时关系代词用that而不用which. I will tell him all that you told me at the ball.
There are few books that you can read in this book store.

2.当先行词既有人又有物时,关系代词用that, 不用which.
He asked about the factories and workers that he had visited.

3.当先行词有形容词最高级修饰时,关系代词用that, 而不用which.
This is the best novel that I have ever read.
Guilin is one of the most beautiful cities that I have ever visited.

4.当先行词有序数词修饰时,关系代词用that, 不用which.
The first sight that was caught at the Great Wall has made a lasting impression on him. 5.当先行词被the only, the very, the same, the right等修饰时,关系代词用that,不用which.
That is the very thing that we can do.
It is the only book that he bought himself.

6.当先行词被all, every, any, much, little, few, no等修饰时,关系代词用that,不用which.
You can take any room that you like.
There is no clothes that fit you here.

7.当主句是以which开头的特殊问句时,定语从句关系代词一般用that而不用which.
Which of the books that had pictures was worth reading?

8.在强调句型" It is ... that ..." 中,只用that,不用which.
It is in this room that he was born twenty years ago.

9.在" such (the same) ... as ..." 句型中,关系代词要用as, 而不用which.
We need such materials as (not which) can bear high temperature.

10.表示" 正如... 那样 "," 正象..." 之意时, 用as, 不用which.
Mary was late again, as had been expected.

11.As 引导的定语从句可以放在主句前面, 也可以放在主句后面或主句中间,而由 which引导的定语从句只能放在主句后面。
As we all know, oceans cover more than 70% of the earth.
used to/be used to的分别
used to + do："过去常常"表示过去习惯性的动作或状态，但如今已不存在。
Mother used not to be so forgetful.
Scarf used to take a walk. (过去常常散步)
be used to + doing： 对……已感到习惯，或"习惯于"，to是介词，后需加名词或动名词。
He is used to a vegetarian diet.
Scarf is used to taking a walk.(现在习惯于散步)
used to 的用法
否定式简写为usedn't） 过去经常，以前常常
We used to go there every year. （我每年都去那儿。）
He is not what he used to be.
他已不是旧日的他了。
我们公司过去和他们的公司常有业务往来。
This used to be a shabby house. （此房年久失修）
used to,would这两个词语都可以表示过去常做某事，有时可以换用。
used to do 强调整过去习惯性的行为或状态，但是现在没有这种行为或状态了。因此，这个短语的内涵是今昔对比。
否定转移

在学英语的过程中，学生常将这样的句子 "我认为这不是个好主意." 译为"I think it isnt a good idea." 而将这句英语译成汉语时，学生又会译为 "我不认为这是个好主意." 老师又会说译错了，这不符合 "I dont think..." 句型，应译为 "l dont think its a good idea."
那么，这错误的根源究竟在哪里？这就是“英语的否定转移”在作怪。

否定转移在非正式语体中特别常见，它是将语义上属于从属分句（一般为that clause）的否定词转移到母句中去。

允许否定转移的母句动词在语义上可分为以下两组：

1．看法（OPINION）：anticipate，be supposed to，believe，calculate， expect，figure(infml，AmE),imagine, reckon (infml，esp, in AmE)，suppose，think:
Eg. I dont believe Ive met you before.
("I believe I havent met you before.")
Eg. She didnt imagine that we would say anything.
("She imagined we wouldnt say anything.")
Eg. He didnt expect to win.
("He expected not to win.")

2．感觉(PERCEPTION) ：appear，seem，feel as if，look as if，sound as if (后三个动词也作infml，esp， in AmE，其中用like来代替as if）：
Eg. It doesnt seem that we canget our money back.
"It seems that we cant get our money back."
Eg. The baby doesnt appear to be awake.
("The baby appears not to be awake.")
Eg. It doesnt look like its going to rain.
("It looks like it isnt going to rain.")

否定的转移是一种含糊的现象。对于否定词位置不同的两个句子，意思是否相同，或者在多大程度上相同的问题，各人的直觉可能是不同的。但在以下特殊情况下，原来允许否定转移的动词不能将否定转移：
1．I think是插入句，可看作与其他部分无关：
I wish you were here，then I think I should not feel like this.

2．母句中添加情态动词cant mustnt wouldnt时：
I cant believe that they are married.
You mustnt think hes stupid.
I wouldnt have imagined that Sandra would be here.

3．由于cannot helping，ought not，need not，not at all等短语的关系而把
I think隔离。
I should have thought sometimes you couldnt help thinking of the past.
I think you ought not to walk at night alone，Mrs. Moore.
I think you need not be impolite to her，as well as to her son.
"I think the angel are not at all in heaven." Mr.Esmond said."

4. 由于not just... but， just not... enough，not much, not quite等以not为核心的副词短语的影响，也不便把否定拿到动词的前面去：
I think Im just not smart enough to make any sense out of for you.
"You think shes not much like you? Brerald asked.
But I think that Elizabeth was not quite so certain of it as I.
句中含有no, never, nothing, nobody等的不定词时：
I should think you never have seen many.
I thought it explained nothing.

英语中表示强调的八种方式

为了强调英语句子中的某一成份，强调方式是多种多样的，现将它们归纳如下，以供参考。

1．用形容词“very”，“single”等表示强调

e．g．Red Army fought a battle on this very spot．

红军就在此地打过一仗。

Not a single person has been in the office this afternoon．

今天下午竟然没有一个人来过办公室。

2．用反身代词表示强调

e．g．I myself will see her off at the station．

我将亲自到车站为她送行。

You can do it well yourself．

你自己能做好这件事情。

3．用助词“do”表示强调

e．g．The baby is generally healthy，but every now and then she does catch a cold．

那孩子的健康状况尚好，但就是偶尔患感冒。

Do be quiet．I told you I had a headache．

务必安静，我告诉过你，我头疼。

4．用副词“very”，“only”，“even”，“too”等表示强调

e．g．He drank it to the very last drop．

他把它喝得一干二净。

Only in this way can we wipe out the enemy troops．

只有用这样的方法我们才能消灭敌军。

He didn't answer even my letter．

他甚至连我的信都未回。

I will too go！我要去的！

5．用“．．．and that”，“．．．and those”，“not．．．too much”，“否定加否定”等结构表示强调

e．g．They fulfilled the task，and that in a few days．

他们在几天内完成的就是那项任务。

I gave her some presents，and those the day before yesterday．

前天我送给她的就是那些礼物。

I can't thank you too much．我无论怎样感谢你都不过份。

I am not unfaithful to you．我对你无比忠诚。

6．用短语“in every way”，“in no way”，“by all means”，“by no means”，“only too”，“all too”，“but too”，“in heaven”，“in the world”，“in hell”，“on earth”，“under the sun”等表示强调

e．g．His behaviour was in every way perfect．

他的举止确实无可挑剔。

By all means take your son with you．

你一定要把儿子带来。

The news was only too true．

这消息确实是事实。

It was over all too soon！

此事的确了结得很快！

Where in heaven were you then？

当时你到底在哪里？

Nobody under the sun would buy that car．

确实没有人会买那辆车。

7．用倒装句表示强调

e．g．Dishonest he is！他的确不诚实！

In wine is the truth． 酒后吐真言。

8．用强调句型表示强调

e．g．It was the headmaster who opened the door for me．

正是校长为我开的门。

It was yesterday that we carried out that experiment．

就是在昨天我们做了那个实验。

英语形容词的排列顺序

当两个以上形容词修饰一个名词，形容词该如何排 列?为什么不能说a black new pen，而是说成a new black pen?这里面有无规则可循?

如果你记住Opshacom这个为帮助记忆而杜撰的词， 就能掌握英语中形容词排列的顺序。

Opshacom中p代表opinion，指表示人们观点的形容 词，如beautiful，horrible，lovely，nice等；

sh代表shape，指表示形状的形容词，如long，short，round, narrow等；

a代表age，指表示年龄、时代的形容词，如old，new，young等；

c代表colour，指表示颜色的形容词，如red,black, orange等；

o代表origin，指表示国籍、地区的形容词，如British，Canadian，German等；

m代表material，指表示材料的形容词，如plastic，metal，aluminium等。

英语中这六类形容词连用时就按上述先后顺序排列， 如a nice long new black British plastic pen 当然，实际语言使用中不可能出现这么多形容词连 用的情况

it 句型大扫描

1. It is + 被强调部分 + that ...

该句型是强调句型。将被强调的部分放在前面，其它部分置于that之后。被强调部分可以是主语，宾语，表语或状语。强调的主语如果是人，that可以由who换用。如果把这种句型结构划掉后，应该是一个完整无缺的句子。这也是判断强调句型与其它从句的方法。

It was about 600 years ago that the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.
It was they that (who ) cleaned the classroom yesterday.
It was in the street that I met her father.

2. It is not until + 被强调部分 + that ...

该句型也是强调句型。主要用于强凋时间状语，译成汉语”直到．．．才．．．”，可以说是 not ... until ... 的强调形式。

It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.
= Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a famous film star.
= I didn’t realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.

3. It is clear ( obvious, true, possible, certain....) that .....

该句型中it 是形式主语，真正的主语是that 引导的主语从句，常译为”清楚（显然，真的，肯定．．．）” 是主语从句最常见的一种结构。

It is very clear that he’s round and tall like a tree.
= That he’s round and tall like a tree is very clear.

4. It is important ( necessary, right, strange, natural...) that ...

该句型和上一个同属一个句型。由于主句中的形容词不同，that 后的从句中要用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should 可以省去。建议记住该句型中的形容词。

It is important that we (should) learn English well.
It is necessary that he (should) remember these words.

5. It is said (reported, learned....) that ...

该句型中的it 仍是形式主语，真正主语是that 引导的主语从句。该结构常译为”据说（据报道，据悉．．．）”。

It is said that he has come to Beijing.
It is reported that another earth satellite has been put into orbit.

6. It is suggested ( ordered ... ) that ...

该句型和上一个同属一个句型。主句中的过去分词是表示请求，建议，命令等词时，that 后的从句要用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should 可以省。常译为”据建议；有命令．．．）

It is suggested that the meeting ( should ) be put off.
It was ordered that we ( should ) arrive there in two hours.

7. It is a pity ( a shame ... ) that ...

该句型中，that后的从句一般用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should可省去．表示出乎意料，常译为”竟然”。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。

It is a pity that such a thing ( should ) happen in your class.
这种事竟然发生在你们班上，真是遗憾！
It is a pity that he is ill. 他生病了，真遗憾！

8. It is time ( about time ,high time ) that ...

该句型中that 后的从句应该用虚拟语气，值得注意的是① 常用过去时态表示虚拟．② 有时也用should + 动词原形，should 不能省。常译为”是（正是）．．．的时侯．．．”。

It is time that children should go to bed.
= It is time that children went to bed.

9. It is the first ( second ... ) time that ...

该句型要和上一个句型区别开来。该句型中的 that 从句不用虚拟语气，而用完成时态。至于用什么完成时态，由主句的谓语动词的时态决定。如果是一般现在时，后面从句用现在完成时态；如果是一般过去时，后面从句则用过去完成时态。该结构中 that 可以省去；it有时用 this 替换．常译为”是第一（二）．．．次．．．”。

It is the first time I have been here.
= This is the first time I have been here.

10. It is .... since ...

该句型主要用作处理瞬间动词的完成时，又要和表示一段时间的时间状语连用的问题。主句中是时间作表语，其时态是现在时或完成时，since 引导的从句通常是一般过去时态，而且是瞬间动词。如果主句是一般过去时，从句则用过去完成时。

It is ( has been ) 5 years since his father died.

11. It is ... when ...

该句型中的 when 引导的是一个时间状语从句，主句中的 it 指时间，表语由具体的时间充当。常译为”当．．．的时候，是．．．”。

It was 5 o’clock when he came here.

12. It be ... before ...

该句型主句中的 it 指时间, 主句中的时态常是将来一般时或过去时两种时态．主句中的表语多是long, not long , 3 days , 2 weeks 等表示时间段的词或短语。常译为”．．．之后．．．”。

It was 3 days before he went to Beijing.
It will be not long before he finishes his job.

13. It happens (seems, looks, appears ) that...

该句型中it是形式主语，that 引导的是主语从句，主句中的happen , seem等词是不及物动词．

It happened ( so happened ) that he met his teacher in the street. 碰巧．．
It seems that he will be back in a few days. 看来．．．

14. It takes sb. ... to do sth.

该句型中的不定式是真正的主语，it是形式主语，句型中的直接宾语是时间。常译为”做．．．要花费某人．．．”。

It took thousands of people many years to build the Great Wall.

15. It is no good (use ) doing sth.

该句型中的真正主语是动名词短语，主句中的表语可以是no good , ( not any good ) , no use , ( not any use )。

It is no good learning English without speaking English.

16. It doesn’t matter whether ( if ) ...

该句型中whether(if) 引导的从句是真正主语，该句型常译为 ”不论（是否）．．．没关系．．．。
It doesn’t matter if they are old.

17. It is kind ( of sb. ) to do sth.

该句型中的不定式短语是真正主语，如果不定式的逻辑主语是由 of引起，主句中的形容词必须是能表示逻辑主语特征的形容词。常见的有： bad , brave , careless, clever , cruel , foolish , good （好心的）, honest , horrible , kind , lazy , modest , naughty , nice（有教养的）, polite, rude , silly , stupid , wise , wrong（错误的）等。 这个句型可以改写为：sb. is kind to do sth.

It is kind of you to say so.
= You are kind to say so.

18. It is necessary ( for sb. ) to do sth.

该句型与上一个同属一个句型。如果不定式的逻辑主语是由for引起，主句中的形容词通常是表示重要性，紧迫性，频繁程度，难易，安全等情况的形容词。常见的形容词有：① important, necessary, natural ② easy , safe , common , normal , hard , difficult , dangerous , unusual, rare , impossible , pleasant等。
在①中的形容词作表语可以用从句改写， 如：
It is important for her to come to the party.
= It is important that she (should ) come to the party

19. It looks ( seems ) as if ...

该句型中it无意义。 as if 引导一个状语从句。常译为，”看起来好象．．．”如果与事实不相符合，则用虚拟语气．

It looks as if he is ill.（真的病了）
It looks as if he were ill. （没有生病）
It seemed as if he were dying.

20. We think it important to learn a foreign language.

该句型中的it 作形式宾语。为了记忆方便我们可称该句型为"6123结构"。
6指主句中常用的动词：think, believe, make, find, consider, feel；
1指的是形式宾语it；
2指的是宾补的两种形式：形容词或名词；
3指的是真正宾语的三种形式：不定式短语，动名词短语或that引导的宾语从句。

We think it our duty to clean our classroom every day.
He felt it important learning English well.
They found it difficult that they would finish their work in two days.

喜欢的：搞定英语介词

早、午、晚要用in
例：in the morning 在早上
in the afternoon 在下午
in the evening 在晚上
in the day 在白天

at黎明、午、夜、点与分
例: at dawn, at daybreak 在黎明时候
at noon 在中午
at night 在夜间
at midnight 在午夜
以上短语都不用冠词
at six o'clock 在6点钟
at 7：30 (seven thirty) 在7点半
at half past eleven 在11点半
at nine fifteen 在9点15分
at ten thirty a.m. 在上午10点30分
也可以写成
seven to five 5点差7分(半小时以上)
five minutes after two 2点过5分
at a quarter to two 1点45分
at the weekend 在周末

年、月、年月、季节、周
即在"来年"，在"某月"，在"某年某月" (但在某年某月某
日则用on)，在四季，在第几周等都要用in。
例；in 1986 在1986年
in 1927 在1927年
in April 在四月
in March 在三月
in December 1986 1986年12月
in July l983 1983年7月
in spring 在春季 in summer 在夏季
in autumn 在秋季 in winter 在冬季
in the fist week of this semester 这学期的第一周
in the third week 在第三周

阳光、灯、影、衣、冒 in，
即在阳光下，在灯下，在树阴下，穿衣、着装、冒雨等都要用in。
例：Don't read in dim light. 切勿在暗淡的灯光下看书。
They are reviewing their lessons in the bright light. 他们在明亮的灯光下复习功课。
They are sitting in the shade of a tree. 他们坐在树阴下乘凉。
a prisoner in irons 带着镣铐的囚犯
He went in the rain to meet me at the station. 他冒雨到车站去接我。
The poor dressed (clothed) in rags in old society. 旧社会穷人们衣衫褴褛．
以及：in the bright sunlight 在明亮的阳光下
a merchant in disguise 乔装的商人
the woman in white (black, red, yellow) 穿着白(黑、红、黄)色衣服的妇女
in uniform 穿着制服
in mourning 穿着丧服
in brown shoes 穿着棕色鞋
in his shirt sleeves 穿着衬衫

将来时态in...以后
例: They will come back in 10 days. 他们将10天以后回来。
I'll come round in a day or two. 我一两天就回来。
We'll be back in no time. 我们一会儿就回来。
Come and see me in two days' time. 两天后来看我。(从现在开始)
after... (从过去开始)

小处at大处in
例：Li and I arrived at Heishan county safe and sound, all is well. Don't worry. 李和我平安地到达黑山县，一切很好，勿念。
I live in a great city (big city), my sister lives at a small town while my parents live at a village. 我住在大城市，我姐姐住在一个小城镇，而我的父母则住在农村。
I'm in Liaoning, at Anshan. 我住在辽宁省鞍山市．

有形with无形by，语言 、单位、材料in
例：The workers are paving a road with stone. 工人们正用石子铺路。(有形)
The teacher is correcting the paper with a new pen. 这位教师正用一支新笔批改论文。(有形)
"Taking Tiger Mountain by Strategy" is a good opera. 是-出好戏。(无形)
The product is separated by distilation into gasoline and gas oil. 这种产品是用蒸馏分离出气油和粗柴油。 (表示方式、手段、方法--无形)
I really can't express my idea in English freely in-deed． 我确实不能用英语流利地表达我的思想。 (表示某种语言用in)
I wrote a novel in Russian. 我用俄语写了一本小说。(同上)
The kilometer is the biggest unit of length in the metric system． 公里是米制中最长的长度单位。 (表示度、量、衡单位的用in )
The length is measured in meter, kilometre, and centimetre. 长度是以米、公里、厘米为单位来计算的。(同上)
This board was cast in bronze not in gold. 这个牌匾是铜铸的，不是金铸的。

特征、方面与方式、心情、成语惯用in
特征或状态：
例: The Democratic Party was then in power. 那时民主党执政。
They found the patient in a coma. 他们发现病人处于昏迷状态。
He has not been in good health for some years. 他几年来身体一直不好。
Many who came in despair went away in hope. 许多人带着绝望情绪而来，却满怀希望而去。
The house was in ruins. 这房屋成了废墟。
The poor girl was in tears. 这个贫苦女孩泪流满面。
Her clothes were in rags. 她的衣跟穿破了。
His shoes were in holes. 他的鞋穿出窟窿了。
I only said it in fun. 我说这话只是开玩笑的。
She spoke in grief rather than in anger. 与其说她讲得很气愤，不如说她讲得很伤心。
还有一些短语也用in，如：
in jest 诙谐地，in joke 开玩笑地，in spite 恶意地， in fairness 公正地，in revenge 报复, in mercy 宽大，in sorrow 伤心地等。
His mind was in great confusion. 他脑子里很乱。
Today everybody is in high spirits and no one is in low ebb. 今天大家都兴高采烈，没有一个情绪低落的。
She and her classmates are in flower ages. 她和她的同学都正值妙龄。
The compaign was in full swing. 运动正值高潮中。
方面：
例：we accepted the item in principle. 我们在原则上接受了这个条款。
They are never backward in giving their views. 他们从来