北京国泰君安招聘:关系代词与关系代词有哪些,用法以及区别
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如何判断关系代词与关系副词
方法一:用关系代词还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要求用关系代词;而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如:
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.
I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.
判断改错:
1.This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
2.I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
[答案]
以上两句都是错误的,应改为:
This is the mountain village(which) I visited last year.
I'll never forget the days(which) I spent in the countryside.
习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。
方法二:准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状),也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。例:
1.Is this museum ________ you visited a few days ago?
A.where B.that
C.on which D.the one
2.Is this the museum ________ the exhibition was held?
A.where B.that
C.on which D.the one
答案:例1 D;例2 A
例1变为肯定句:This museum is ________ you visited a few days ago.
例2变为肯定句:This is the museum _________ the exhibition was held.
在句1中,所缺部分为宾语,而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用,只有the one既作了主句的表语,又可作从句的宾语,可以省略关系代词,所以应选D。
在句2中,主、谓、宾俱全,从句部分缺句子的状语,表地点,既可用副词where,又因in the museum词组可用介词in+which引导地点状语。而此题中,介词on用的不对,所以选A。
关系词的选择依据在从句中所作的成分,先行词在从句中作主、定、宾语时,选择关系代词(who, whom, that, which, whose);先行词在从句中做状语时,应选择关系副词(where地点状语,when时间状语,why原因状语)。