浦东 民办 初中:EITHER的详细用法

either是个常用词，也是高考经常考查的词之一，它既可作代词，也可作副词。
either的用法比较灵活，现归纳如下：

1. either用作代词，意为“（两者之中）任一、任何一个”。在句中可作主语（此时句中谓语动词用单数）、宾语、表语和定语（作定语时，有的词典把它称为形容词；either作定语时，只能修饰单数名词。）如：

Either (of the books) is popular with the students.

（两本书）随便哪一本都受到同学们的欢迎。（主语）

I have bought two cakes��you may have either.

我买了两块蛋糕��你要哪块都行。（宾语）

The books were either works on travel or detective novels.

这些书要么是旅游方面的书，要么是侦探小说。（表语）

You can park on either side of the street.

在街道的哪边停车都可以。（定语）

2. either用作副词，用于否定句作“也”解释，通常置于句末。如：

I don”t like the red shirt and I don”t like the green one either.

我不喜欢这件红衬衫，也不喜欢这件绿衬衫。

As for me, I shall not return there either.

如果是我，我也不会回到那儿的。

either还可用来强调含否定意义的短语。如：

I know a good ltalian restaurant. It”s not far from here either.

我知道一家意大利餐馆，离这儿并不远。

3. either可以构成短语，either…or…，意为“或……或……、不是……就是……”，在句中连接两个并列成分。如：

Either you or Tom has done it.（连接并列主语）

不是你就是汤姆做了这件事。

You may either stay at home or go there with us.（连接并列谓语）

你既可以待在家里也可以和我们一道去。

注：在连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词必须在人称和数上与靠近的主语保持一致。如：

Either you or the headmaster _______ the prizes to these gifted students at the meeting.

A. is handing out B. are to hand out

C. are handing out D. is to hand out

Either the headmaster or you _______ the prizes to these gifted students at the meeting.

A. is handing out B. are to hand out

C. are handing out D. is to hand out

4. either的反义词为neither“（两者）都不”，either…or…的反义词组为neither…nor…“既不……也不……”。如：

You can drop either of the two courses.

你可以放弃这两门课程中的任何一门。

You can drop neither of the two courses.

这两门课程中的任何一门都不能放弃。

Either you or he has made the mistake.

不是你就是他犯了这个错误。

Neither you nor he has made the mistake.

犯错误的既不是你也不是他。
either…or…表示两种可能性中任选一种，其后面必须连接两个相同的句子成份。例如：
The sentence can be either true or false.句子要么是对的要么是错的。
You can either come with me or walk home.
你要么跟我一块去，要么走回家去。
Either mum or I cook supper.要么我母亲要么我做晚饭。
neither…nor…连接两个相同的句子成分，表示否定的意思。动词的单复数形式与nor后的单词主谓语相一致。例如：
Neither Li Lei nor Wang Hai was there.李雷和王海都不在那里。
I neither watch TV nor listen to the radio.我既不看电视也不听收音机

either和not连用表示“也不”，用于句末。
如：I don't like swimming either．我也不喜欢游泳。
有个词组，either．．．or．．．表示不是。。。就是。。。也可翻译成或者。
如：Either you and your mother likes swimming.你或者你妈妈喜欢游泳。

either

adj.
任一的, (两方中的)每一方的
pron.
任一, 随便任一个
conj.
或者, 也

either
ei.ther
AHD:[¶“Y…r, º“Y…r]
D.J.[6i8H*, 6aiH*]
K.K.[6iH+, 6a!H+]
pron.（代词）
The one or the other:
任一，两方，随便哪一个：两者中的一个或另一个：
Which movie do you want to see? Either will be fine.
你想看哪一部电影?哪部都行
conj.（连接词）
Used before the first of two or more coordinates or clauses linked by or :
或…或…，…呢还是…，要么…要么…：用在以或 连接的两个或多个并列成分或分句的第一个之前：
Either we go now or we remain here forever.
要么我们现在走，要么我们永远在这呆下去
adj.（形容词）
Any one of two; one or the other:
任一的：两者之中任一的；一个或另一个：
Wear either coat.
穿随便哪件衣服都行
One and the other; each:
两方的，各自的：（两者之中）一个和另一个；每个的：
rings on either hand.
两只手上的都戴着戒指
adv.（副词）
Likewise; also. Used as an intensive following negative statements:
也：也，作为强调成分用在否定陈述之后：
If you don't order a dessert, I won't either.
如果你不点甜点，我也不点

Middle English
中古英语
from Old English ÆÆghwæther} * see k wo-
源自 古英语 ÆÆghwæther} *参见 k wo-

The traditional rule holds that either should be used only to refer to one of two items and that any is required when more than two items are involved:
传统规则认为either 只能用于指两者之一， 如果涉及多于两者的情况时，应用any ：
Any (not either ) of the three opposition candidates still in the race would make a better president than the incumbent.
正在参加竞选的三个反对党候选人中的任何 （不是 either ) 一个都会比现任总统干得更好。
But reputable writers have often violated this rule, and in any case it applies only to the use of either as a pronoun or an adjective. When either is used as a conjunction no paraphrase with any is available, and so either is unexceptionable even when it applies to more than two clauses:
但是许多著名作家经常违反这个规则，这种情况只见于either 用作代名词或形容词时。 当either 用作连接词时， any 没有相应的替代词， 所以即使用来连接多于两个从句时，也要用either ：
Either the union will make a counteroffer or the original bid will be refused by the board or the deal will go ahead as scheduled. ·
或者工会提出一个相反的建议，或者董事会拒绝原来的要价，或者这事按原计划进行。
In either . . . or constructions, the two conjunctions should be followed by parallel elements. The following is regarded as incorrect: You may either have the ring or the bracelet (properly, You may have either the ring or the bracelet ). The following is also incorrect: She can take either the examination offered to all applicants or ask for a personal interview (properly, She can either take . . . ). · When used as a pronoun, either is singular and takes a singular verb: The two left-wing parties disagree with each other more than either does (not do ) with the right. When followed by of and a plural noun, either is often used with a plural verb:
在either … or 结构中， 两个连接词后应跟并列成分。下面这句话被认为是不正确的：You may either have the ring or the bracelet ，正确的应是 You may have either the ring or the bracelet （你既可以有戒指也可以有手镯） 下面这句也是不对的：She can take either the examination offered to all applicants or ask for a personal interview。 正确的应是， She can either take …（她可以参加提供给所有申请人的考试，也可以要求一个单独面试。） 作为代名词时，either 是单数，动词应用单数形式： The two left-wing parties disagree with each other more than either does （不用 do ) with the right.（两个左翼党之间的分歧比任何一个与右翼党的分歧都要大） 当后面接of 和一个复数名词的时候， either 经常与动词复数形式配合：
Either of the parties have enough support to form a government.
这些政党中任一个都有足够的支持来组阁一个政府。
But this usage is widely regarded as incorrect; in an earlier survey it was rejected by 92 percent of the Usage Panel. · When all the elements in an either . . . or construction (or a neither . . . nor construction) used as the subject of a sentence are singular, the verb is singular:
但是这种用法通常被认为是不正确的，在以前的调查中它被用法使用小组百分之九十二的成员所否定。当作为句中主语的either…or 结构（或 neither…nor 结构）中的所有成分都是单数的时候， 动词也应用单数：
Either Eve or Herb has been invited.
伊夫和赫伯都被 邀请了。
Analogously, when all the elements in the either . . . or construction are plural, the verb is plural too:
类似地，当所有either…or 结构中的成分都是复数的时候， 动词也应用复数：
Either the Clarks or the Kays have been invited.
克拉克全家和凯全家都被 邀请了。
When the construction mixes singular and plural elements, however, there is some confusion as to which form the verb should take. It has sometimes been suggested that the verb should agree with whichever noun phrase is closest to it; thus one would write Either Eve or the Kays have been invited, but Either the Kays or Eve has been invited. This pattern is accepted by 54 percent of the Usage Panel. Others have maintained that the construction is fundamentally inconsistent whichever number is assigned to the verb and that such sentences should be rewritten accordingly. As Wilson Follett put it:
然而，当结构中既有单数又有复数成分的时候，动词应采取什么形式说法不定。人们有时建议动词的人称和数应与离得最近的名词短语呼应；因此人们说Either Eve or the Kays have been invited ， 而不是Either the Kays or Eve has been invited 。 这种格式被用法使用小组54的成员所接受。也有人认为不管动词用什么样的数， 这个结构本质上都是一致的，因此这样的句子应重写。象威尔逊·伏莱特所说的：
“This [construction] is defensible, but a workmanlike writer may put his pride in not writing sentences that need defending.”See Usage Note at every, neither, or 1
“这个是站得住脚的，但是精心推敲的作者应以写出不需为之辩护的句子而感到骄傲。”参见 every， neither， or1

either
[5aITE(r)]
adj.
两者之一的
You may use either hammer.
两把锤子中你可以随便用哪一把。
每个的
on either side of the river
在河的每一边
The thief was put in the police car with a policeman on either side of him.
"窃贼被送到警车上,身旁各坐着一个警察。"

either
pron.
两者之一
I'm afraid that either of them will not agree to this arrangement.
我担心他们两人都不会同意这样的安排的。
There's coffee or tea - you can have either.
咖啡或茶——你可以任选一种。
Is either of the sisters coming?
这俩姐妹中有哪个要来吗?
A: Do you speak German or Italian? B: I don't speak either.
甲:你会讲德语或意大利语吗? 乙:我都不会。
either
adv.
也（不）
I haven't read it and my brother hasn't either.
我没有读过，我兄弟也没读过。
"I haven't seen this film, and my brother hasn't either."
"我没有看过这部电影,我哥哥也没有。"
"'I can't swim!' 'I can't, either!'; 'Neither can I!'"
'我不会游泳!' '我也不会!'
"If you don't go, I won't either."
"如果你不去,我也不去。"
either
conj.
或；不是…就是
Either my father or my brothers are coming.
不是我父亲就是我兄弟要来。
If either David or Janet come, they will want a drink.
如果大卫或珍妮特来，他们就要喝酒。
"I'm considering to buy my niece a Christmas present, either a dictionary or an encyclopedia."
"我在考虑给我侄女买一样圣诞礼物,不是词典就是百科全书。"
Either say you're sorry or else get out!
"你要么道歉,要么滚开!"
"The gunman's coat was either red, blue or green--I can't remember."
"持枪人的外套不是红的,蓝的,便是绿的——我记不清楚了。"

either表"也",用于句末