ce认证证书:英语小问题

A 将来完成时

形式

will／shall+完成式用于第一人称，will+完成式用于其他人称。

用法

它常与表示时间的短语连用，而后者常以by开头：

by then到那时

by that time到那时

by the 24th到 24号那天

By the end of next month he will have been here for ten years．

到下月底，他在这儿就够十年了。

这一时态用来表示在将来的一个特定时刻将成为过去的动作或在该时刻刚刚结束的动作。假设现在是12月3日，大卫对他将参加的12月13日的考试很担心。

某个筹划举办聚会的人可能说：

We’d better wait till 14 December．David will have had his exam by then， so he’ll be able to enjoy himself．

我们最好还是等到12月14日。到那时大卫就考完试了，这样他就能够玩得痛快。

同时请注意以下句子：

I save￡ 50 a month and I started in January．So by the end of the year I will／shall have saved￡ 600．

我每月储蓄50英镑，是从1月份开始的。这样的话，到年底我就有600英镑的存款了。

Bill（looking at Tom’s cellar）：You’ve got over 400 bottles．How long will that last you？Two years？

比尔（瞧着汤姆的地下室）：你有四百多瓶酒。够你喝多久？两年？

Tom：Not a hope．I drink eight bottles a week．I’ll have drunk all these by the end of this year．

汤姆：不可能。我每星期喝八瓶。到今年年底我就会把所有这些酒都喝完了。

B 将来完成进行时

形式

will／shall have been+现在分词用于第一人称，而 will have

been+现在分词用于其他人称。

用法

正如将来完成时一样，它通常与一个以by开头的时间短语连用：

By the end of this year he’ll have been acting for thirty years．

到今年年底他当演员就满30年了。

将来完成进行时与将来完成时的关系和现在完成进行时与现在完成时的关系一样。即在以下情况下可以用将来完成进行时而不用将来完成时：

1 动作本身就是连续的：

By the end of the month he will have been living／working／studying here for ten years．

到了月底他在这里居住／工作／学习就满十年了。

2 一种经常进行的动作被表示为连续的动作：

By the end of this month he will have been training horses／climbing mountains for twenty years．

到了这个月底他驯马／登山就满 20年了。

但是如果提到所驯马匹或所攀登的山峰的数目，或用任何方式把动作分割为一次又一次的动作，就必须用将来完成时：

By the end of the month he will have trained 600 horses／climbed 50 mountains．

到本月底，他驯服的马就有600匹／攀登的山峰就有50座了。

.
将来完成时=把现在完成时中的助动词改为将来时
将来完成进行时=把现在完成进行时中的助动词改为将来时

EG 现完 I have played basketball... ==> I will have played basketball...
现完进 I have been sleeping... ==> I will have been sleeping...

1、将来完成时
将来完成时表示在将来某一时刻将完成或在另一个未来的动作发生之前已经完成的动作；也可以用来表示一种猜测。常与将来完成时连用的时间状语有：by (the time / the end of ) + 表示将来时间的短语和句子；before (the end of ) + 表示将来时间的词语或句子；when, after等加上表示将来动作的句子等。例如：

1）By this time tomorrow you will have arrived in Shanghai.

2）I shall have finished this composition before 9 o’clock.

3）When we get on the railway station, the train will probably have left.
2、将来完成进行时
表示在将来某一时刻之前开始的一个动作或状态一直延续到将来某一时刻。例如：

By the time you arrive tonight, she will have been typing for hours.
3、形式：will／shall have been+现在分词用于第一人称，而 will have been+现在分词用于其他人称。

用法：正如将来完成时一样，它通常与一个以by开头的时间短语连用：

By the end of this year he’ll have been acting for thirty years．
到今年年底他当演员就满30年了。

将来完成进行时与将来完成时的关系和现在完成进行时与现在完成时的关系一样。即在以下情况下可以用将来完成进行时而不用将来完成时：

1、 动作本身就是连续的：

By the end of the month he will have been living／working／studying here for ten years．到了月底他在这里居住／工作／学习就满十年了。

2、 一种经常进行的动作被表示为连续的动作：

By the end of this month he will have been training horses／climbing mountains for twenty years．到了这个月底他驯马／登山就满 20年了。

但是如果提到所驯马匹或所攀登的山峰的数目，或用任何方式把动作分割为一次又一次的动作，就必须用将来完成时：

By the end of the month he will have trained 600 horses／climbed 50 mountains．到本月底，他驯服的马就有600匹／攀登的山峰就有50座了。

将来完成时的形式有:
肯定式:I shall have worked
He (she , It )will have worked
We shall have worked
You will have worked
They will have worked
疑问式:Shall i have worked?
Will he (she ,it )have worked ?
Shall we have worked ?
Will you have worked?
Will they have worked?
否定式:I shall not have worked
He (She ,It )will not have worked
We shall not have worked
You will not have worked
They will not have worked
疑问否定式:Shall i not have worked?
Will he (she ,it )not have worked?
Shall we not have worked?
Will you not have worked ?
Will they not have worked ?

将来完成时的基本用法:
将来完成时表示在将来某一时间之前完成的动作,并往往对将来某一时间产生影响.它常与表将来的时间状语连用.
（1）I shall have finished reading the book by the end of this week .
我将在本周末前读完这本书。
（2）Before long ,he will have forgotten all about the matter .
过不久，他很快就会把这件事全然忘记的。
有时可与ever , never ,soon 等时间状语连用。如：
（3） Will you soon have finished laying the table ?
你会快点把餐具摆好吗？
(4) Will they ever have done with their talking ?
他们谈话还有完没有？
将来完成时往往可和时间或条件状语从句连用。如：
（5） when I have done that , I shall have done all I was upposed to do .
我做完这件事，就做了我全部应做的事了。

将来完成进行时的形式:
肯定式:I shall have been working
He (she ,It )will have been working
We shall have been working
You will have been working
They will have been working
疑问式:Shall i hzve been working ?
Will he (she ,it )have been working ?
Shall we have been working ?
Will you have been working ?
Will they have been working ?
否定式:I shall not have been working
He (She , It )will not have been working
We shall not have been working
You will not have been working ?
They will not have been working
疑问否定式:Shall i not have been working ?
Will he (she ,it )not have been working ?
Shall we not have been working ?
Will you not have been working ?
will they not have been working ?
将来完成进行时的基本用法:
将来完成进行时表示动作从某一时间开始一直延续到将来某一时间.是否继续下去,要视上下文而定,这个时态常和表示将来某一时间的状语连用.如:
(1) I shall have been working here in this factory for twenty years by the end of the year .
到今年年底,我将在这个工厂工作20年了.
(2) If we don't hurry up the store will have been closing before we get there.
咱们如不快一点儿,等我们到了那儿,店门就会关了.
(3) The play is coming off in August .By then the play will have been running for three months .
这个剧将于8月停演.到那时为止,这个剧将连演三个月了.