黄智贤节目谈大陆视频:谁有英文介绍的法国

What did the bsboys say?

France is a republic, run by a president, a prime minister, and two houses of parliament. The current constitution was created by Charles de Gaulle in 1958, and is the foundation of the present regime, called "The Fifth Republic."
The French government is quite centralized, however, the recent trend is toward decentralization. Local government comprises three levels: régions, which elect assemblies and executives; départements, which have an elected council; and communes, which have an elected council and a mayor. A commune can vary in size from a small village to a large city.
The president (le président de la République) is the head of state, and is elected by direct suffrage for a five-year term. He may be re-elected once. Le président is the commander-in-chief of the armed forces. He appoints the prime minister (le premier ministre), appoints and presides over the Council of Ministers (le Conseil des ministres), signs orders and decrees established by the council, submits laws to the parliament for referendum, and negotiates and ratifies treaties. As guardian of the constitution, he has the right to pardon and to propose revisions to the constitution. The president also has the power to dissolve the National Assembly (Assemblée nationale) and call for new elections, as well as to institute dictatorial rule in times of national crisis.
Le premier ministre directs the operation of the government, ensures the execution of the laws, initiates legislation, and is responsible to the National Assembly and to the president. He suggests appointments for and works closely with the Council of Ministers. Traditionally, the president deals primarily with questions of defense and foreign policy, while the prime minister, along with the government, is more concerned with domestic and economic affairs.
The parliament consists of the lower house—the directly elected National Assembly—and the upper house, the indirectly elected Senate (le Sénat). The 577 members of the National Assembly serve five-year terms and are elected by double ballot (in the first round, all but two candidates are eliminated; in the second round, one of those two is elected). The 321 members of the Senate are indirectly elected by local councillors and serve nine-year terms, with elections held every three years for one-third of the Senate seats. The Assembly has more power than the Senate. The Senate may attempt to change or veto a bill, but its motion may be denied by the Assembly. Nevertheless, bills generally pass through each house several times before they are adopted or rejected. A bill may be introduced by the government or a private member, but significant issues are rarely resolved with bills introduced by an individual.
Political debate is a French cultural sport, entered into for diversion and amusement, as well as for the more serious goal of enlightening other people. In two centuries, France has had five republics, two imperial dictatorships, and several experiments in government. Their current regime is therefore not revered in the way that U.S. citizens rever their constitution.
The diversity of the French population is directly visible in the abundance of French political parties. The current list provides the ultimate form of political freedom, with a flavor for every taste: the UMP, the UDF, the RPF, the UDR, the FN, the DL, the PR, the PS, the UPF, the CDS.
The culture of France is built from fine cuisine, the trauma of two world wars, the architecture of Corbusier, never-ending waves of tourists, cheeses and wines with protected names, the occupation by Caesar's armies, Provençal lavender, the absorption of Algerians, Vietnamese, and West Africans, the philosophy of Descartes, the impact of modern telecommunications. The list goes on for more than 2000 years. The collected volumes written about the culture of France would number in the thousands. An attempt to fit a worthwhile summary on a single webpage would be folly.