大灯灯脚断了怎样焊接:求好心人翻译啊

Along with constitutionalism, the movement for self-government aimed to mobilize the populace under local elite leadership in support of the reforming imperial state. there were precedent for self-government not only in the ancient fengjian idea of local administration by local people but also in modern cities. in Chinese shanghai outside the foreign-run areas, a shanghai city council hand been set up in 1905.in 1907 a tianjin county assembly had been established as a model by the reformist official yuan shikai.in 1908 beijing issued regulations to specifythe tax levies that could finance subcounty government-mainly excise and land taxes. local self-government measures at the county level and below were pursued by the local elite,who tried to avoid the onerous taxation and corrupt administration to be expected form subofficials at that level. thire opening of new schools to educate and mobilize new citizens was combined with the inauguration of police networks for purposes of control. yuan set the style by having the new police bureaus compile electoral lists for the new local assemblies. as with the national assembly, these local bodies would allow the elite to advise and even participate in reform by setting up public services like electrification and waterworks that would have been customary for gentry in the past .political power would remain with the officials. The issue of mobilization versus control was joined.