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来源:百度文库 编辑:神马品牌网 时间:2024/05/06 01:30:31
一、散客旅游的心理分析
第一,旅游者自主意识的增强。在社会稳定和具备一定经济基础的前提下,旅游者选择旅游目的地和旅游方式更注重体现个人的自主意识,而随着信息产业的发展,人们更容易获得各种旅游方面的知识。知识的积累和旅行经验的丰富,使人们对旅行社及旅游中介机构的依赖性逐渐减弱,人们出游的自主意识和参与意识日趋增强,越来越多的人喜欢结伴旅游或全家一起出游,自主地选择目的地、参观的景点及其他旅游活动。
第二,旅游者心理成熟度的增强。心理成熟表现为有较大的选择性和独立性,不成熟则表现为有较大的盲目性和依赖性。旅游者作为本身的职业所扮演的社会角色是相当成熟的,但作为旅游者这一社会角色也许还不成熟。但在一百多年的旅游业的发展过程中,无数次的旅游实践培养了一大批成熟型的旅游者,表现在:从茫然和胆怯到经验丰富、信心十足;从必须加入旅游团到往往宁愿做“散客”;从随大流地购买标准化的旅游产品到选购甚至“定制”个性化的旅游产品;从慕名前往一些众所周知的旅游胜地到自己去发现“旅游胜地”;从匆匆忙忙、东奔西跑做“走马看花式”的巡游,到选定一两个地方做“下马看花式”的滞留型旅游;
第三,旅游者需求层次的提高。现代旅游者之所以要花费时间和金钱,去过一段不同于日常生活的生活,为的是寻求补偿和解脱,从日常生活所造成的精神紧张中解脱出来,去接触一些日常生活中接触不到的事物,做一些日常生活中想做而没有条件去做的事情。心理学家弗洛姆曾在《逃避自我》一书中写道:“也许我们已经注意到,也许我们还没有注意到:世界上最使我们感到羞耻的莫过于不能表现我们自己;最使我们感到骄傲和幸福的也莫过于想、说和做我们自己要想、要说、要做的事”。在旅游者中,中青年人数在增加,他们中相当多的人性格大胆,富有冒险精神,带着明显的个人爱好寻求旅游目的地和旅游方式,不愿受到限制和束缚。他们寻求表现自己、突出自己、充实和提高自己的机会。按照马斯洛的需要层次理论,个体的需要从低到高分为生理的需要、安全的需要、归属的需要、尊重的需要及自我实现的需要五个层次,在低一层次的需要满足的前提下产生高一层次的需要。在现代旅游中,旅游者已满足了生理的需要、安全的需要、归属的需要、尊重的需要,达到寻求自我实现的需要的满足。这种需求层次的提升,促使散客旅游迅速发展。
第四,旅游者消费中个性成分的增加。旅游市场的飞速发展,使身处其中的旅游消费者发生着观念的变化,以及由心理的变化带来的观念的变化和旅游行为的变化。旅游者不仅仅把旅游看成是一种花钱买享用和观赏的经历,而且把旅游看成是一种花钱买操作和表现的经历。单一形态的团队旅游形式对旅游者的吸引力有所下降,而且越来越明显的是,旅游消费者越来越趋向于选择能体现自己的生活质量、个性特征,能让自己由被动变主动、积极参与到其中的散客旅游方式。
第五,旅游者经济支出心理承受能力的提高。旅行社的出现就是为了给旅游者提供低廉的价格、优质的服务,因而大受欢迎。现在旅行社通过批量购买、强劲的计价还价实力,在交通费用、住宿餐饮和景区门票等方面获得折扣,从而降低了旅游者的旅游花费。这种价格比旅游者个人自助旅游的花费要低得多,因此,参加旅行社旅游一直是观光旅游的主要组织方式。但随着经济水平的提高、人们购买力的增强,对经济支出的心理承受能力提高、对价格的关注程度下降,而对旅游经验更加重视。自助旅游行程灵活、购物灵活,能满足旅游者的心理需要,因此散客旅游迅速发展。

First, the psychological analysis of one individual tourism, tourists autonomous awareness. In the social stability and economic base with a premise of tourists choosing travel destinations and tourism means more emphasis on the autonomy of the individual consciousness, and with the development of the information industry, there is greater accessibility to all kinds of tourism knowledge. The accumulation of knowledge and rich experience of travel for people to travel agents and travel intermediaries dependence has waned, people go on a trip to the growing sense of autonomy to enhance awareness and participation, more and more people prefer group travel or family to go on a trip, independently chosen destination, visited tourist attractions and other activities. Secondly, the increase of tourists psychological maturity. Psychological maturity manifested in a greater choice and independence, immature performance for the greater blindness and dependence. Tourists as a career in itself plays a role in society is very mature, but the social role as tourists may not mature. But in the 100 years of tourism development process, numerous tourist train a large number of mature practice tourists, manifested in : from wild and scared to experience and confidence;
From the need to join tours often prefer to be "tourists";
From the limelight to buy standardized products to buy even tourism "customized" personalized tourist products; from the well-known tourist destination in admiration of somebody's fame to some of their own to find the "attractions";
From hastily, involved a "gallop on horseback watch bands," parade, selected 12 places to be the "sole see figure" stay-tourism;
Third, raise the level of tourist demand. Modern tourists have to spend time and money went to a different daily life, and seek compensation for the free from the stress of daily life as a result of workouts to contact some of the things in daily life can not reach, but do not want to do some daily life conditions do. In tourists, the increase in the number of middle-aged, a significant number of them are character bold, adventurous, with the obvious personal love for travel and tourism destinatiFlaum psychologists in the "avoid self," wrote : "Perhaps we have noted that perhaps we have not taken note : most of the world so that we feel ashamed of our own performance is not;
ons, to be restricted and constrained. They seek to express themselves, highlighting their own, enrich, and improve their opportunities. Masiluo level in accordance with the needs of the theory, and individual needs from low to high into physiological needs, the need for security, attribution needs, respect for the needs and the needs of the five levels of self-realization, in a low-level meet the needs arising from the premise of a high-level needs. In modern tourism, tourists have met physical needs, the need for security, attribution needs, the need to respect and meet the needs of the search for self-fulfilment meet. This demand level upgrade, the rapid development of tourism to travel. Fourth, tourists consumption personality components increased. The rapid development of the tourism market, in which the concept of tourism consumers undergoing changes, and psychological changes brought about by the changes in perceptions and tourism behaviour change. Tourists not to travel as a money buying access and viewing experience, but also bring tourism as a money to buy the operation and performance experience. Single patterns team forms of tourism attraction for tourists declined, and more and more evident that tourism consumers increasingly tend to choose to reflect their quality of life, personality traits, let themselves from passive change initiative, which promotes active participation in tourism. Fifth, economic expenditures tourists psychological capabilities. The emergence of travel agents is to provide low prices to tourists, quality services, thus popular. Now travel agencies through bulk purchases, valuation strong counter-offer strength in the cost of transport, accommodation, catering and node tickets obtain discounts, thus reducing travel spending tourists. This price than individual self-help tourists travel costs significantly lower, and therefore in travel tourism has been the main tourist organizations. However, as the economy improved level, the strengthening of the purchasing power of people, the psychological ability to enhance economic expenditure, the level of concern for the price decline of the tourism experience more seriously. Self-guided tour itinerary flexible, shopping flexible and can meet the psychological needs of tourists, it promotes rapid development of tourism.