大学四年土木专业规划:翻译翻译，计算机专业英语，急急急！

1. Logging: In order to assure durability, every change in the database is logged separately on disk. The log manager follows one of several policies designed to assure that no matter when a system failure or “crash" occurs, a recovery manager will be able to examine the log of changes and restore the database to some consistent state. The log manager initially writes the log in buffers and negotiates with the buffer manager to make sure that buffers are written to disk (where data can survive a crash) at appropriate times.

2. Concurrency control: Transactions must appear to execute in isolation. But in most systems, there will in truth be many transactions executing at once. Thus, the scheduler (concurrency-control manager) must assure that the individual actions of multiple transactions are executed in such an order that the net effect is the same as if the transactions had in fact executed in their entirety, one-at-a-time. A typical scheduler does its work by maintaining locks on certain pieces of the database. These locks prevent two transactions from accessing the same piece of data inways that interact badly. Locks are generally stored in a main-memory lock table, as suggested by Fig. 1.1. The scheduler affects the execution of queries and other database operations by forbidding the execution engine from accessing locked parts of the database.
3. Deadlock resolution: As transactions compete for resources through the locks that the scheduler grants, they can get into a situation where none can proceed because each needs something another transaction has. The transaction manager has the responsibility to intervene and cancel (“roll-back" or “abort") one or more transactions to let the others proceed.

我的英语太差了，哪位专业人士可以帮帮忙啊，小妹的20分送上了！