海明威死在古巴:那里有QA方面的资料？

QA岗位培训资料
一、 QA是代表客户对产品质量作出判定，客户是否满意即可反映公司产品质量状态。
二、 抽样方案：不同的客户对产品质量标准有所不同，除非客户在A.Q.L方面有特殊规定，否则按国诺标准执行，但客户有要求的，一定要尊重。
三、 产品质量标准：一般国标规定为：IPC610B；有些质量标准在SMT也许是通用的，但DIP就有较大区别，此种情况为了使本公司能与客户达成统一，必须要有充分的沟通，尤其是物理性能方面的，通常我们把本公司检查规范所未有体现但客户又有要求的这部份称为特殊要求。我们理想的做法是：将其写成书面规范并受控（有时以书面通知的形式发出），特殊要求可用专门的文件夹保存。
四、 熟悉本公司产品检查规范，每个人均必须全面掌握。
五、 不良项目的识别：QA在作半成品或成品检查时，要系统的考虑不良项目的全面识别问题，也许99%的不良内容均得到了识别，但QA最重要的是识别1%不容易识别的内容，即此方能更好的体现QA的业绩。
六、 不良反馈（退货）：QA根据A.Q.L标准，识别不良需要退货时，退货品需得到主管确认（夜班除外），拉长或助拉亲自与生产部门拉长或助拉沟通对机。
七、 退货记录：QA识别不良品后，除非明确无误的缺陷，可直接填报表确认，若有任何凝问或无明确标准来判定是否需要退货时，应先请示助拉、拉长，拉长请示主管作出决定，主管无法决定的，可请示经理作出判定，QA根据判定的结果决定是否记录。
八、 退货原则：
1、 根据QA检验规范作出判定；
2、 无检验规范的不良项，由主管或经理决定是否退货；
3、 特殊的返工看其不良是否属于偶然性的若是则可只处理当前不良品，不用整批退货。
九、 QA检板时，要坚持轻拿轻放的原则，防撞击、防掉落等任何影响板卡质量的动作不得存在。
十、 检验时，需高度集中，不得三心二意，交头接耳，以免影响注意力。
十一、 QA在检板时，需不断的总结经验，以提升自己的岗位素质。
十二、 QA检板前，要特别注意送检单上的状态，有关任何不良内容或特别的要求需出货的均须有书面的通知或证据且产品的任何特别状态有明确细致的标识单；
十三、 关于套装产品出货，QA应根据BOM单、作出指导书、送检单上的说明进行检查，以确保包装是齐套、准确无误的。
十四、 因为任何原因需分开出货的产品，均需识别状态是否符合规定要求。
十五、 有关各类资料的保存，应整齐有序，尤其是各类通知应得到有序的保存。
十六、 对通知的识别：特别重要的通知（如工程变更类）适当时拉长要提醒所有QA作业人员，然后由QA员自己认真识别其内容，发现有任何疑问应主动提出。
十七、 QA检板时，拉长、助拉要带头有意识的识别该产品有无特别通知（该工作应养成一个作业习惯）。
十八、 QA对一个工作令这产品作出检查时，首批及尾批均要对BOM单，以防错料等现象。

QA & QC（摘抄）
QA（Quality Assurance，质量保证）：监控公司质量保证体系的运行状况，审计项目的实际执行情况和公司规范之间的差异，并出具改进建议和统计分析报告，对公司的质量保证体系的质量负责。

QC（Quality Control，质量控制）：对每一个阶段或者关键点的产出物（工件）进行检测，评估产出物是否符合预计的质量要求，对产出物的质量负责。

如果我们将软件的生产比喻成一条产品加工生产线的话，那QA只负责生产线本身的质量保证，而不管生产线中单个产品的实际质量情况。QA通过保证生产线的质量来间接保证软件产品的质量。

而QC不管生产线本身的质量，而只关注生产线中生产的产品在每一个阶段的质量是否符合预期的要求，如果我们生产的是杯子，那QC只关注：生产的材料是否是预期的，每个杯子瓶口的直径是否符合要求，杯子把手是否符合设计要求等等具体的、可量化的点。

针对软件企业的软件开发过程而言：QA可以进一步明确为SQA，即：软件质量保证，只负责软件开发流程的质量，企业内相对应的角色为：软件质量保证人员，有的企业就直接称之为SQA。QC可以进一步明确为SQC，即：软件质量控制，只负责软件开发过程中各个阶段产出的工件的质量，产出的工件可能是相关的文档或者代码等，企业内相对应的角色为：软件测试人员。

SQA和SQC虽然主要的工作都是为了保证软件的质量，但是着眼点不尽相同。SQA通过控制过程来保证软件产品的质量，而SQC是通过控制每个阶段

QA工程师面试题集
The readers are welcome to submit the answers or links with appropriate answers.

Why did you ever become involved in QA/testing?
Wha is the difference between QA and testing?

What is the testing lifecycle and explain each of its phases?
What is the difference between testing and Quality Assurance?
What is Negative testing?
What was a problem you had in your previous assignment (testing if possible)? How did you resolve it?
What are two of your strengths that you will bring to our QA/testing team?
How would you define Quality Assurance?
What do you like most about Quality Assurance/Testing?
What do you like least about Quality Assurance/Testing?
What is the Waterfall Development Method and do you agree with all the steps?
What is the V-Model Development Method and do you agree with this model?
What is the Capability Maturity Model (CMM)? At what CMM level were the last few companies you worked?
What is a “Good Tester"?
Could you tell me two things you did in your previous assignment (QA/Testing-related hopefully) that you are proud of?
List 5 words that best describe your strengths.
What are two of your weaknesses?
What methodologies have you used to develop test cases?
In an application currently in production, one module of code is being modified. Is it necessary to re-test the whole application or is it enough to just test functionality associated with that module?
Define each of the following and explain how each relates to the other: Unit, System, and Integration testing.
Define Verification and Validation. Explain the differences between the two.
Explain the differences between White-box, Gray-box, and Black-box testing.
How do you go about going into a new organization? How do you assimilate?
Define the following and explain their usefulness: Change Management, Configuration Management, Version Control, and Defect Tracking.
What is ISO 9000? Have you ever been in an ISO shop?
When are you done testing?
What is the difference between a test strategy and a test plan?
What is ISO 9003? Why is it important
What are ISO standards? Why are they important?
What is IEEE 829? (This standard is important for Software Test Documentation-Why?)
What is IEEE? Why is it important?
Do you support automated testing? Why?
We have a testing assignment that is time-driven. Do you think automated tests are the best solution?
What is your experience with change control? Our development team has only 10 members.
Do you think managing change is such a big deal for us?
Are reusable test cases a big plus of automated testing and explain why.
Can you build a good audit trail using Compuware’s QACenter products. Explain why.
How important is Change Management in today’s computing environments?
Do you think tools are required for managing change. Explain and please list some tools/practices which can help you managing change.
We believe in ad-hoc software processes for projects. Do you agree with this? Please explain your answer.
When is a good time for system testing?
Are regression tests required or do you feel there is a better use for resources?
Our software designers use UML for modeling applications. Based on their use cases, we would like to plan a test strategy. Do you agree with this approach or would this mean more effort for the testers.
Tell me about a difficult time you had at work and how you worked through it.
Give me an example of something you tried at work but did not work out so you had to go at things another way.
How can one file compare future dated output files from a program which has changed, against the baseline run which used current date for input. The client does not want to mask dates on the output files to allow compares. - Answer: Rerun baseline and future date input files same number of days as future dated run of program with change. Now run a file compare against the baseline future dated output and the changed programs’ future dated output

我虽然不知道，但是我觉得楼上的朋友回答的非常具体和完整了！感谢·！

楼上回答的很好