百度东莞的樟木头:帮忙翻译

来源:百度文库 编辑:神马品牌网 时间:2024/04/29 01:28:22
电视的出现是大众传播媒介领域的一大革命。
1936年11月,英国广播公司(BBC)在伦敦郊区亚历山大宫播出电视节目,这一天被公认为电视诞生的日子。电视迄今才不过六十多年的历史,但它却以十分惊人的速度给社会带来了难以估量的影响。今天,在大众传播媒介中已雄踞第一媒介的宝座。
信息理论认为,信息不是事物的本身,而是事物的存在方式和运动状态。电视声音与拍摄画面形象是同步的,这一方式和运动状态,决定了其信息结构不是线性的,而是立体的。电视的声画不是线性结构,而是密不可分互为作用的统一体。
节目,是电视台组织、传播各种内容的基本单位、基本形式。电视节目是一个系统工程,节目分类根据节目宗旨、职能和传播内容的不同,各有明确的目标和方向,各自独立成为子系统。同时,传播内容之间是相互兼容、相互交叉的。电视的各类节目内容,具有向观众传播新闻、普及知识、提供服务和文化、娱乐等许多功能。
我们当今所处的时代在传播上发展的特征是“非群体化的传播”。非群体化传播概念是美国未来学家托夫勒提出来的。他指出,在当代信息社会中,无论是社会生产还是消费需求,乃至价值观念,都体现了从单一到多元,从整合到分化的发展趋势,这一趋势在信息领域内的反映就是“非群体化传播时代”的到来;它要求传播者不再把受众视作一个无分别的整体,而是针对受众的不同群体和不同要求层面,分别实施特定的传播。

在中国,电视越来越成为人们生活当中不可缺少的精神食粮。正因为这样,电视少儿英语才有无限大的发展空间。
首先,电视这种传播媒介不仅具有声音,还有画面,二者形成统一体,使得英语教学的空间有了很大的扩展。可以运用许多少儿英语的教学方法,例如游戏教学、多媒体教学、情景教学等。目前上市的电视英语多以成人英语,考试英语为主。因此在仅有的几个电视少儿英语中我们发现,其模式过于简单和单一,仅仅运用简单的游戏和歌曲穿插一些简单的情景对话片断,形成对单词句型的巩固和掌握。然而,其形式仍然停留在教与学的阶段,只是停留在声与画表面上的并凑,并没有充分利用电视传媒的优势,将声画形成真正意义上的统一。
其次,电视媒体的“非群体化的传播”趋势告诉我们,个体化是电视媒体的一个趋势。那么,电视英语也就需要个体化。这就需要划分一下电视英语的类别,在这里我将电视少儿英语按照年龄层次划分为两大类:一类是入门类(3-6岁),另一类是扩展类(6-12岁)。这样划分的是因为之前提到的第二语言习得研究发现如果儿童在五六岁以前开始学习第二语言,那么他们说第二语言则丝毫没有任何口音。否则,如果在六岁以上才开始在自然的目的语环境中学习,那么语言发音就往往会有一定的口音。年龄越大,口音越重。十二岁以后就会超过掌握语言的临界期。但是目前上市的电视少儿英语并没有足够的重视这个问题,忽视了学习语言年龄的要求,也就是说,年龄指代不清。
由于我参与了金鹰卡通卫视的少儿英语节目”crazy baby”的全部制作过程,所以想结合这档少儿英语节目来进行分析。首先需要确定的是节目的收视群体,这就是“非群体化的传播”的具体表现。因为只有这样才能锁定目标,有针对性的生产节目。”Crazy baby”确定的收视年龄层在3-6岁之间,完全属于入门阶段。其次,在确定收视群体之后就需要分析其生理及心理。我们在这个环节做了大量的调查工作,例如与一线的少儿英语教学者的沟通,与正在学习英语的3-6岁的儿童交谈,和3-6岁儿童的家长进行交流,大致掌握了其生理及心理特征,从而总结出电视少儿英语的教学特点:

TV is the emergence of a field of the mass media revolution. November 1936, the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) in London suburbs Alexander Palace broadcast television, this day was recognized as the birth of television days. But so far only 60 years of television history, it is very alarming rate to the community to bring inestimable impact. Today, in the mass media has ranked first media throne. Information theory that the information is not things themselves, but the presence of ways and movement of things. TV and film images image is synchronized voice, and movement of the way, its decision to the information structure is not linear, but three-dimensional. TV pictures of the structure is not linear, but are mutually role of the continuum. Program is television organizations, the dissemination of the contents of the basic unit, the basic form. Television is a systems engineering and programme classification on the basis of programme objectives, functions and diffusion of the different elements, each with clear objectives and direction, a separate subsystems. At the same time, dissemination of content are mutually compatible, and cross-cutting. The content of television programmes, the dissemination of information to the audience, universal access to knowledge, services and cultural, entertainment and many other functions. We live today in an era of development characterized by the dissemination of "non-group-oriented communication." Groups is the concept of non-American futurist Tuofuledi spread out. He pointed out that in contemporary information society, both social production and consumer demand, and even values are embodied in a single account or from the integration of polarization trend, a trend reflected in the information area is the "non-group era of the" arrival; It no longer requires higher no difference to the audience as a whole. but the audience for the different requirements of different groups and levels, respectively implement specific dissemination. In China, TV increasingly has become indispensable among people living manna. That is why English TV children have unlimited big space for development. First, the media not only has the voice of television, there are images that are formed continuum, making the teaching space has been greatly expanded. Many children can use English teaching methods, such as games teaching, multimedia teaching, learning, and other scenes. Currently listed in more adult English English television, examinations English. Thus, in only a few English TV children we found that the model was too simple and single, simple games and songs using only insert some simple dialogue scenes footage, a master of words and sentences consolidation. However, the form still remain in the teaching and learning stage, the sound and just stay at the surface of the painting and together, did not take full advantage of the strengths of television media, painting a real sense of unity. Secondly, the TV media "groups of the non-dissemination of the" trend tells us that individualization is a trend of television media. Then, the television also requires English individualization. This requires a division of the English television category, here I will TV children under age level English into two types : one portal group (3-6 years old), expansion is another category (6-12 years). This division is referred to as the second language learned before study found that if children start learning a second language before the age of 56, then they said a second language is never any accent. Otherwise, if started in six or more goals in the natural language learning environment, then there is often a language pronunciation accent. The greater the age, accent the more. After more than 12 years old will have the critical language period. However, the current listing of television children English and not enough attention to the problem, neglected language learning age requirements, that is to say, on behalf of age means not. As I participated in the Junior English traded cartoon TV programs "crazy baby," all the production process, so think of this stall children English programmes to be analysed. First is the need to identify the programme, the viewing groups, and it is a "group of non-communication" specific performance. Because the only way to identify the target, targeted production programmes. "Crazy Baby" in determining their ratings ages 3-6 years old, exclusively induction phase. Second, in determining viewing groups after their physical and psychological needs analysis. In this session we have done a lot of investigations, such as the frontline of teaching children English communication, and learning English is the 3-6 year-old children talk, and children 3-6 years old parents exchange largely to its physical and psychological characteristics, thus summed up the television teaching English Dictionary features :

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