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An interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) is an intimate assembly of two polymers in network form, one of which is usually either prepared or cross-linked in the presence of the other. Typically, the initial polymer network is swollen in the presence of the second monomer together with a cross-linking agent, and the second monomer allowed to polymerize and crosslink. Alternatively, simultaneous synthesis is possible in which the monomeric components of both networks are first mixed and then allowed to polymerize.
An IPN has different properties from either a copolymer or a polymer blend. It may swell in solvents, but will not dissolve, it will resist creep or flow to a greater extent than copolymers or blends. Some differences in the physical properties of IPNs compared with polymer blends can be seen in Table2.2. The major reason for the differences in properties between polymer blends and IPNs is that the latter have greater adhesion and better mixing.
The interconnection between the two different polymers can cause some essentially thermoplastic polymers to behave as thermosets when combined in an IPN. This arises because of chain entanglement between different polymers. The entanglements behave as crosslinks at lower temperatures but they can be broken by heat.