日全食几年发生一次:帮忙翻一下,在线等,急

来源:百度文库 编辑:神马品牌网 时间:2024/03/29 15:00:34
Establishing entities at arm’s-length from reporting entities respond to two “good governance” reasons: to improve the performance of the public sector by bringing decision-making closer to the point of delivery, and to make public decision-making more credible by separating it from direct political intervention.Arm’s-length government, however, cannot solve the problems of a generally ill-functioning government. Experience from transition economies gives mixed messages about establishing new organisations to avoid general problems of governance in the public sector, as even autonomous bodies need to be strongly co-ordinated and overseen by parent ministries.12 In addition, it is impossible to create a lasting performance culture in an environment where government under-performing prevails. It is therefore crucial to consider the whole governance framework when establishing organisations at arm’s-length from government. Essential are the capacity for central
government entities to steer, control and conduct a dialogue with the management of these bodies especially on performance issues, and the general capacity of the leadership of these organisations to manage the newly created organisations. Formally, this means that particular attention should be paid to the supervision, and ultimately the ministerial
right to intervene, including through the following devices

建立实体关系密切,长度从报告实体响应两个"良政"的原因:以改善公共部门的业绩,使决策更接近于实施点,并公开决策过程更加可靠的分离是从直接的政治Intervention.arm的,长度政府,但是,并不能解决问题,普遍不良运作的政府. 从经验转变为经济混合传送关于建立新的机构,以避免一般施政问题的公共部门,甚至独立机构必须大力配合,并由上级ministries.12此外,不可能形成持久的表现在文化环境下的政府表现不佳为准. 因此,必须考虑整体的管治架构,使得组织在建立长度政府. 关键是中央的能力 政府机构指导、管理和进行对话与这些机构的管理问题,尤其表现在,一般的领导能力,这些新成立的组织管理机构. 正式来说,这意味着应特别注意监督,最终部长 有权进行干预,包括下列装置